Waveform multimode wired and wireless communication

ABSTRACT

Waveform processed modulated and demodulated multimode wireless and wired communication systems used in cellular systems and in wireless networks. Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signals used in multimode wireless and cellular systems. Modulation, transmission reception and demodulation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and of spread spectrum signals in combination with GPS satellite signals in cellular systems, wireless and wired networks. Cascading of wired and of wireless transmission systems. TDMA and spread spectrum processing, modulating and transmitting of Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) signals. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signals with cellular and other communication signals. Time Constrained Signal (TCS) processing and cascaded Long Response (LR) filtering of communication signals for TDMA, ultra Narrow Band and ultra wideband systems. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) processor used in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) system.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is filed as a continuation application of U.S. utilitypatent application Ser. No. 11/023,254, filed on Dec. 28, 2004 entitled:“Data Communication for Wired and Wireless Systems”. In thiscontinuation application, Applicant corrected certain typographicalerrors which were noticed by Applicant in the 11/023,254 application.

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C 119(e) of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No: 60/615,678 entitled “ULTRAWIDEBAND, ULTRA NARROWBAND AND RECONFIGURABLE INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS”filed on Oct. 5, 2004 by Applicant Feher, K., Ref No. [21] andincorporated herein by reference.

The following three (3) related U.S. patent applications are co-pending:

U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 11/023,279, Ref No.[21], Feher,K., submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)on Dec. 22,2004 and filed by the USPTO on Dec. 28, 2004, entitled“BROADBAND, ULTRA WIDEBAND AND ULTRA NARROWBAND RECONFIGURABLEINTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS”

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/102,896, Ref No.[22 ],Feher, K., submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) on Dec. 22, 2004, entitled “HYBRID COMMUNICATION AND BROADCASTSYSTEMS”

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/023,254, Ref. No. [23],Feher, K., submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) on Dec. 22, 2004 and filed by the USPTO on Dec. 28, 2004,entitled “DATA COMMUNICATION FOR WIRED AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION”

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains generally to radio frequency (RF) spectrallyefficient and power efficient systems, to ultra wideband (UWB), towideband, to broadband, to spectral efficient, to narrowband, ultranarrowband(UNB) communication, to efficient communication andbroadcasting systems, modulation and demodulation(Modem), architecturesfor baseband, intermediate frequency (IF) and radio frequency (RF)implementations. Bit stream processing, shaping of data signals andshaping or processing of clock and carrier waveforms leads to spectrallyefficient and power efficient shaped radio-frequency (RF) waveforms andwavelets.

ACRONYMS

To facilitate comprehension of the current disclosure, some of theacronyms used in the prior art and/or in the current disclosure arehighlighted in the following LIST of acronyms:

-   2G Second generation or 2^(nd) generation-   3G Third Generation or 3^(rd) generation-   AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding-   ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation-   BRA Bit Rate Agile-   BWA Broadband Wireless Access-   CDMA Code Division Multiple Access-   CM Clock Modulated-   CS Code Selectable-   CSMA Collision Sense Multiple Access-   CL Clock Shaped-   EDGE Enhanced Digital GSM Evolution; Evolution of GSM or E-GSM-   FA Frequency Agile (selectable or switched IF or RF frequency)-   FOC Fiber Optic Communication-   GPS Global Positioning System-   IR Infrared-   LR Long Response-   MAW Modified Amplitude Wavelets-   MAWM Modified Amplitude Wavelet Modulation-   MCH Missing Chip-   MCY Missing Cycle-   MCYM Missing Cycle Modulation-   MFS Modulation Format Selectable-   MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output-   MMIMO Multimode Multiple Input Multiple Output-   NRZ Non Return to Zero-   PMK Phase Modification Keying-   PPM Pulse Position Modulation-   PRK Phase Reversal Keying-   RFID Radio Frequency Identification-   STCS Shaped Time Constrained Signal-   TCS Time Constrained Signal-   UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System-   UNB Ultra Narrow Band-   UWB Ultrawideband-   UWN Ultrawideband—Ultra Narrow Band-   W waveform, wavelet or wave (signal element)-   WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

CITED REFERENCES -PARTIAL LIST OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

Several references, including issued United States patents, pending U.S.patents, and other references are identified herein to assist the readerin understanding the context in which the invention is made, some of thedistinctions of the inventive structures and methods over that which wasknown prior to the invention, and advantages of this new invention, theentire contents of which being incorporated herein by reference. Thislist is intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive.

All publications including patents, pending patents, documents,published papers, articles and reports listed or mentioned in thesepublications and/or in this disclosure-patent/invention are hereinincorporated by reference to the same extent as if each publication orreport, or patent or pending patent and/or references listed in thesepublications, reports, patents or pending patents were specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

CROSS REFERENCE TO U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

The following referenced documents contain subject matter related tothat disclosed in the current disclosure:

REFERENCE No.:

1. U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,022 Walker, H. R.: “Single Sideband SuppressedCarrier Digital Communications Method and System”, Issued Jun. 8, 2004.

1. U.S. Pat. No. 6,445,737 Walker, H. R.: “Digital modulation device ina system and method of using the same”, Issued Sep. 3, 2002.

2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,930,303 Walker, H. R.: “Digital Modulation EmployingSingle Sideband with Suppressed Carrier”, Issued Jul. 27, 1999.

3. U.S. Pat. No. 5,185, 765 Walker, H. R.: “High Speed DataCommunication System Using Phase Shift Key Coding”, Issued Feb. 9, 1993.

4. U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,532 Walker, H. R.: “High Speed Binary DataCommunication System”, Issued May 3, 1988.

5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,775,324 Mohan, C. et al.: “Digital Signal ModulationSystem”, Issued Aug. 10, 2004.

6. U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,308 Rector, R.: “System and Method for High SpeedData Transmission”, Issued Oct. 9, 2001.

7. U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,685 O'Toole et al.: “Radio Frequency DataCommunication Device”, Issued Aug. 10, 2004.

8. U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,841 Jandrell, L. H. M: “Method and System forProcessing Positioning Signals in a Geometric Mode”, Issued Aug. 10,2004.

9. U.S. Pat. No. 6,772,063 Ihara et al.: “Navigation Device, Digital MapDisplay System, Digital Map Displaying Method in Navigation Device, andProgram”, Issued Aug. 3, 2004.

10. U.S. Pat. No. 6,775,254 Willenegger et al.: “Method and Apparatusfor Multiplexing High Speed Packet Data Transmission with Voice/DataTransmission”, Issued Aug. 10, 2004.

11. U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,021 Daly, N.: “Cellular radio communicationssystem,” Issued Jun. 8, 2004

12. U.S. Pat. No. 6,128,330 Schilling; D. L.: “Efficient shadowreduction antenna system for spread spectrum ”, issued Oct. 3, 2000.

13. U.S. Pat. No. 6,775,371 Elsey et al.: “Technique for EffectivelyProviding Concierge-Like Services in a Directory Assistance System”,issued Aug. 10, 2004.

14. U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,238 McCorkle, J. W.: “Ultra widebandcommunication system, method, and device with low noise pulseformation”, issued May 11, 2004.

15. U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,777 Feher, K.: “Feher Keying (FK) Modulation andTransceivers Including Clock Shaping Processors”, issued March 2001

16. U.S. Pat. No. 6,470,055 Feher, K.: “Spectrally efficient FQPSK,FGMSK, and FQAM for enhanced performance CDMA, TDMA, GSM, OFDN, andother systems”, issued Sep. 3, 2002.

17. U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,348 Feher, K.: “System and Method forInteroperable Multiple-Standard Modulation and Code Selectable Feher'sGMSK, Enhanced GSM, CSMA, TDMA, OFDM, and other Third-Generation CDMA,WCDMA and B-CDMA”, issued Dec. 16, 2003.

18. U.S. Pat. No. 6,757,334 Feher, K.: “Bit Rate Agile Third-Generationwireless CDMA, GSM, TDMA and OFDM System”, issued Jun. 29, 2004.

19. U.S. Pat. No. 6,445,749 Feher, K. “FMOD Transceivers IncludingContinuous and Burst Operated TDMA, FDMA, Spread Spectrum CDMA, WCDMAand CSMA,”, issued Sep. 3, 2002.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED U.S. PATENT APPLICATIONS REFERENCE No.(continued):

20. U.S. pat Provisional Application Ser. No.: 60/615,678, ApplicantFeher, K. “ULTRA WIDEBAND, ULTRA NARROWBAND AND RECONFIGURABLEINTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS” filed on Oct. 5, 2004.

21. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/023,279, ApplicantFeher, K., submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) on Dec. 22, 2004 and entitled “BROADBAND, ULTRA WIDEBAND ANDULTRA NARROWBAND RECONFIGURABLE INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS”.

22. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/102,896, ApplicantFeher, K., submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) on Dec. 22, 2004 and entitled “HYBRID COMMUNICATION ANDBROADCAST SYSTEMS”.

23. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/023,254, Feher, K.,submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) onDec. 22, 2004 and entitled “DATA COMMUNICATION FOR WIRED AND WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION”.

24. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 09/916054: Bobier, Joseph A.;(Cudjoe Key, Fla.); Khan, Nadeem; (Cudjoe Key, Fla.): “Suppressed cyclebased carrier modulation using amplitude modulation” Pub. No.: US2002/0058484, published May 16, 2002

25. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 10/305109 McCorkle, John W. etal.; Pat. Pub. No 20030161411, published: Aug. 28, 2003

26. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 10/360,346 Shattil, Steve J.;“Unified Multi-Carrier Framework for Multiple-Access Technologies,” Pub.No.: US 2003/0147655, published Aug. 7, 2003

27. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: SN 10/205,478: K. Feher:“Spectrally Efficient FQPSK, FGMSK and FQAM for Enhanced PerformanceCDMA, TDMA, GSM, OFDM, and Other Systems,” U.S. Pat. App. SN 10/205,478,filed Jul. 24, 2002 Continuation of U.S. Pat. App. SN 09/370,360 filedAug. 9, 1999. Provisional Application No. 60/095,943 filed on Aug. 10,1998.

28. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: S/N 10/831,562: K. Feher:“Adaptive Receivers for Bit Rate Agile(BRA) and Modulation Demodulation(Modem) Format Selectable (MFS ) Signals”. Filed on Apr. 23, 2004,Continuation of 09,370,362 filed Aug. 9, 1999

29. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 10/831, K. Feher: “CDMA, W-CDMA,3^(rd) Generation Interoperable Modem Format Selectable (MFS) systemswith GMSK modulated systems ”, filed on Apr. 24, 2004, Continuation of09,370,362 filed Aug. 9, 1999

30. U.S. patent application Ser. No.: No. 09/732,953, Pub. No.: US2001/0016013 Published Aug. 23, 2001 K. Feher: Changed title to: “ULTRAEFFICIENT MODULATION AND TRANSCEIVERS” in SupplementalAmendment—submitted to USPTO on Aug. 13, 2004, Filed Dec. 7, 2000.Continuation of Application No. 09/385,693 filed on Aug. 30, 1999;Provisional Application No. 60/098,612, filed Aug. 31, 1998. Now U.S.Pat. No. 6,198,777 issued Mar. 6, 2001.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PUBLICATIONS

31. Lin, J. S., Feher, K: “Ultra Spectrally Efficient Feher keying (FK)Developments” Proceedings of the European Telemetry Conference (ETC),ETC-2002, Garmisch-Parttemkirche, Germany, May 2002

32. Furuscar, A. et al.: “EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM and TDMA/136Evolution” IEEE Personal Communications, June 1999, (an IEEE Magazine);pp: 56-66

33. Brown, C., Feher, K: “A reconfigurable modem for increased networkcapacity and video, voice, and data transmission over GSM PCS ”, IEEETransactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp: 215-224;Volume: 6, No. 2, Apr. 1996 (10 pages)

34. Brown, C. W.: “New Modulation and Digital Synchronization Techniquesfor Higher Capacity Mobile and Personal Communications Systems” Ph.D.Thesis University of California, Davis, Nov. 1, 1996 pp: i-vii; 138-190;269-272; 288-289;291.

35. Brown, C., Feher, K.: “A Flexible Modem Structure for IncreasedNetwork Capacity and Multimedia Transmission in GSM PCS”, Proceedings ofthe Fifteenths Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer andCommunication Societies (INFOCOM '96), 1996 (8 pages)

36. 3GPP TS 25.213 V6.0.0 (2003-12) 3^(rd) Generation PartnershipProject; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network Spreadingand Modulation (FDD) (Release 6) 28 pages

37. 3GPP TS 05.04 V8.4.0 (2001-11) Technical Specification GroupGSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Digital cellular telecommunicationssystem (Phase 2+);

Modulation (Release 1999); 3GPP: 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project;(10 pages)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 a prior art Time Constrained Signal (TCS) processor and LongResponse( LR) filter or LR processor architecture, also designatedherein as a “Feher '055 processor” is illustrated, Ref. [17], Feher 'sU.S. Pat. No. 6,470,055.

FIG. 2 a prior art implementation of a narrowband system, alsodesignated herein as Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) system, and/or a “Feher'777 processor” is shown, Ref. [16], Feher's U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,777

FIG. 3 a prior art “Walker '737 modulator”, used for Pulse PositionModulation (PPM), Phase Reversal Keying (PRK) and Missing Cycle (MC)transmission is illustrated, Ref. [1-2], Walker's U.S. Pat. No.6,445,737

FIG. 4 a prior art “McCorkle '238 transmitter”, for Ultra Wide Band(UWB)systems, Ref No. [15], McCorkle 's U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,238 is shown

FIG. 5 a prior art illustrative spectrum, designated herein as UltraNarrow Band (UNB) Spectrum from Feher's Pat. No. 6,198,777, Ref. No.[16], is illustrated

FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the current disclosure of an Ultra NarrowBand(UNB), an Ultra Wideband(UWB) and an efficient architecturecontaining Modified Amplitude Wavelets(MAW), Missing Chip (MCH), MissingCycle Modulation(MCYM), Modulation Format Selectable(MFS), MultipleInput Multiple Output (MIMO), Phase Reversal Keying(PRK), Long Response(LR) processed or filtered signals and shaped Time Constrained Signalwaveforms (TCS)

FIG. 7 shows a serial transmitter implementation with optional selectedshaped Time Constrained Signal waveforms (TCS) processors and LongResponse (LR) processed or filtered signals

FIG. 8 is an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) also designated asAdaptive Coded Modulation(ACM) Diversity -Multiple Outputspread-spectrum and/or non spread spectrum transmitter

FIG. 9 represents the receiver section of a Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) transmission/reception system with inputs from wired orwireless systems

FIG. 10 is a multimode Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)interoperable UWB, UNB and efficient transmitter system with 2^(nd)generation(2G), 3^(rd) generation(3G) and 4^(th) generation(4G) cellularsystems

FIG. 11 represents a parallel multimode and optional multiprocessor,multiple modulator reconfigurable transmitter architecture with MultipleInput Multiple Output (MIMO) capability

FIG. 12 shows receiver embodiments with and without crystal filters

FIG. 13 is a reconfigurable single or multiple and interoperabletransmitter architecture for Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC) systemsfor wireless systems, for wired systems, and/or UNB and UWB systems

FIG. 14 represents an alternative receiver architecture

FIG. 15 is an embodiment of band-pass filters(BPF) with crystal filtersand/or switched crystal filters.

FIG. 16 presents a 1^(st) set of sample waveforms, including NRZ 1001non-balanced and balanced data patterns, Missing Cycle Modulation 1:8modulated signals and Phase Reversal Keying (PRK) with 8 cycles per bit

FIG. 17 illustrates a 2^(nd) set of sample waveforms: a) Missing Cycle1:4 modulation with 4 cycles per bit and b) Phase Reversal 1:4modulation with phase reversals at start of bits for zero states

FIG. 18 illustrates a 3^(rd) set of sample waveforms a) having 4 cyclesper bit with reduced amplitudes for zero(0) states; b) Single cycle perbit with zero transmit value for zero signal states; c) Single cycle perbit with one waveform transmission for the 0 state and an other waveformfor the one state

FIG. 19 is an embodiment of an ultra narrowband (UNB) processor and/ormodulator connected to an ultra wideband (UWB) system and/or to a spreadspectrum processor/transmitter; combinations and/or connections of UNBand of UWB systems lead to ultra wideband and ultra narrowband (UWN)systems

FIG. 20 shows block diagrams of cascaded (in-series) hybrid systems,including a cascaded GSM or EDGE, of cascaded Infrared(IR) or GSM orCDMA or TDMA or UMTS systems.

FIG. 21 shows a cascade of multiple transmitters connected to one ormore receivers, including single or plurality of baseband or IF or RFsignals for GSM, EDGE, TDMA, spread spectrum CSMA, CDMA signals forreconfigurable operations with infrared(IR), Radio Frequencyidentification(RFID),GPS and sensor systems.

FIG. 22 shows a “hybrid” wired system interconnected with a wirelesssystem, including interoperable wired fiber optic communication(FOC)interface and wireless systems.

NEED FOR THIS INVENTION

This invention addresses the need for new more efficient embodiments andimplementation architectures of reconfigurable, adaptable, interoperablemultimode ultra wideband -ultra narrowband(UWN) systems as well as aclass of broadband wireless, broadband wireless access (BWA) and otherspectral and power efficient communication systems. The BWA systems,disclosed herein include new implementation architectures and new“hybrid” embodiments for WCDMA, WiMAX, Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11 and other IEEEspecified systems. Local Multipoint Distribution Systems, other point topoint systems and Multipoint Distribution Services (MDS) will need moreefficient, reduced size interoperable Multimode Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MMIMO) hybrid operation, disclosed herein.

A network which incorporates UWB and UNB or other combinations ofcommunications and or broadcast systems, is designated here as a“hybrid” system or “hybrid” network. While prior art UWB systems,broadband systems, systems known as IEEE 802 standardized systems, WI-FIand/or Bluetooth provide communications for short distances some ofthese systems are not efficient for longer range/longer distanceapplications.

While spectrally efficient, narrowband and Ultra Narrow Band (UNB)systems are suitable for short as well as longer distances there are nodisclosed embodiments for cost efficient -simple reconfigurable,interoperable communication and broadcasting system architectures,baseband, intermediate frequency (IF) and radio frequency (RF)implementations for Bit Rate Agile (BRA) systems, Adaptive Modulationand Coding (AMC) in case of UWB and UNB systems and the connection ofthese systems into an operating network. Processing the data signals,clock signals, and/or carrier waveforms of UWB, of UNB and of a class ofother systems leads to shaped radio-frequency (RF) waveforms andwavelets. With Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) diversity andprotection system configuration the performance and capacity of these“hybrid” UWB and UNB systems may be further enhanced. For such systemsmore efficient and simpler architectures and implementations aredisclosed.

In prior art patents and in other published documents and articles theaforementioned sets of systems were invented, studied and investigatedseparately from each other and joint-hybrid efficient and seamless,adaptive Modulation Format Selectable (MFS) and Bit Rate Agile(BRA)operation and joint embodiments of systems which operate as AdaptiveModulation and Coding (AMC) in flexible agile UWB and UNB systems inconjunction with other wireless and wired (cable, telephone, fiberoptics) systems such as 2^(nd) generation wireless systems, such as GSMsystems, CDMA systems, 3^(rd) generation cellular systems and 4^(th)generation wireless and cellular systems, including broadband systemswere not disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

One set of communications systems contains highly spectral efficient,narrowband, very narrowband and ultra narrowband (UNB) systems; an otherset contains broadband, wideband and ultra wideband (UWB) systems.Combinations and variations of these two sets of systems are designatedherein with the generic term/acronym: Ultra wideband-ultranarrowband(UWN) systems.

The most important objectives of wireless communications, broadcasting,telemetry, location based systems GPS (Global Positioning System), RadioFrequency Identification systems (RFID), internet browsing infrared andin general “radio” systems as well as “wired” systems include: power andbandwidth or spectrum efficiency combined with robust Bit Error Rate(BER) performance in a noisy and/or strong interference environment.These Radio Frequency (RF) system objectives are specified in numeroussystems including wireless communications and cellular systems,satellite systems, mobile and telemetry systems, broadcasting systems,cable, fiber optics and practically all communication transmissionsystems. Here we are using the term “Radio Frequency” (RF) in itsbroadest sense, implying that we are dealing with a modulated signal.The RF could be, for example, as high as the frequency of infrared orfiber optic transmitters; it could be in the GHz range, e.g., between 1GHz and 300 GHz, or it could be in the MHz range, e.g. between about 1MHz and 999 MHz or just in the kHz range, such as used in telephonymodems. The term RF could apply to Base-Band (BB) signals, to PulsePosition Modulated(PPM) signals, to Quadrature Modulated (for short “QM”or “QMOD”) and to FM or AM or hybrid modulated signals, tonon-quadrature modulated signals, or to un-modulated Carrier Wave (CW)signals or waveforms.

The cited publications, patents, pending patents and other publisheddocuments, reference numbers [1-31 ], and the references within theaforementioned publications contain definitions and descriptions of manyterms used in this new patent disclosure and for this reason these“prior art” terms and definitions will be only briefly, on a case bycase basis highlighted.

While the majority of prior patents and publications disclose systemswhich have a spectral efficiency of less than about 10 b/s/Hz [suchsystems include GMSK, BPSK, QPSK, QAM (e.g. 16-QAM; 64 QAM), Pulse WidthModulation (PWM), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and Pulse DurationModulation methods] there is prior art which discloses implementationswhich could attain considerably higher spectral efficiencies, i.e. morethan 10 b/s/Hz.

H. R. Walker's patents, references [1-5] and Feher's patent Ref. [16]describe information signal transmission methods which could attainultra high spectral efficiencies of more than 10 b/s/Hz, designatedherein as ultra narrowband(UNB) or ultra spectral efficient systems.

While the aforementioned issued patents and publications describematerial of a background nature, they do not describe or suggest thesubject matter of the present patent.

Prior to the description of the current invention, a brief review andhighlights of prior art, contained in the description of FIG. 1 to FIG.5 is presented. Some of the embodiments of the current disclosure usethe terminology and acronyms and/or related acronyms to the ones used inthe prior art and may use as part of the current embodimentsacronyms/elements taken from prior art.

FIG. 1 a prior art Time Constrained Signal (TCS) processor and LongResponse( LR) filter/or LR processor architecture, also designatedherein as a “Feher '055” processor is illustrated. This TCS signalprocessor or waveform or wavelet architecture processor-generator incombination with LR filtered and or LR processed circuits has been usedfor agile cascaded mismatched (ACM) systems in Feher's U.S. Pat. No.6,470,055, Ref No. [17]. In brief, the term “agile” includes themeanings: flexible or changeable or tunable or selectable. The terms“cascade” and “cascaded” include the meanings: flow, or in series, or insequence or in conjunction with. In other words cascaded also means thatsomething is arranged in a series or succession of stages; that is eachstage derives from or acts upon the product of a preceding stage. Theterm mismatch has the same meaning as in Feher's U.S. Pat. No.6,470,055, Ref. No. [17] and Feher's U.S. Pat. Nos. [18-19]. The Feher'055 processor is a unit, suitable for implementation of one of theelements of Ultra Narrow Band(UNB), Ultra Wide Band(UWB), combinationsof Ultra Wide Band-Ultra Narrow Band(UWN) systems and othercommunications and broadcasting systems for system implementationsand/or for Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) system embodimentsdisclosed in the current invention.

FIG. 2 a prior art implementation of a narrowband system, alsodesignated herein as ultra narrowband (UNB) system, and/or a Feher '777processor is shown. This implementation from Feher's U.S. Pat. No.6,198,777, Ref No. [16] is also designated herein as a Feher '777processor, Feher Keying (FK) Modulation and Demodulation(modem)-system.It is suitable for implementation of a part of ultra narrowband (UNB),ultra wideband (UWB) embodiment and combinations of ultra wideband-ultranarrow band(UWN) systems, also designated herein as “hybrid” systems orhybrid networks. The UWN and other hybrid systems, disclosed in thecurrent invention are suitable for Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC).

FIG. 3 a prior art Walker '737 modulator, used for Pulse PositionModulation (PPM), Phase Reversal Keying (PRK) and Missing Cycle (MC)transmission is illustrated The Walker '737 Modulator for transmissionand reception of ultra narrowband (UNB) signals uses Pulse PositionModulator (PPM) for Phase Reversal Keying (PRK) and Missing Cycle (MC)Signal Transmission; this FIG. 3 is from Walker's U.S. Pat. No.6,445,737, Ref. No. [1-2].

FIG. 4 a prior art Ultra Wide Band(UWB) implementation of McCorkle etal., U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,238, Ref. No. [15] is illustrated.

FIG. 5 prior art illustrative spectrum, designated herein as UltraNarrow Band (UNB) Spectrum, generated by one of the Feher '777processors, from Feher's U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,777, Ref. No. [16], isshown.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention discloses new, efficient embodiments and implementationarchitectures of reconfigurable, adaptable, interoperable broadbandwireless, multimode ultra wideband -ultra narrowband(UWN) systems aswell as a class of broadband and other spectral and power efficientcommunication systems.

A network which incorporates UWB and UNB or other combinations ofcommunications systems is designated here as a “hybrid” system or“hybrid” network.

Processing the data signals, of clock signals, and/or carrier waveformsof UWB, of UNB and of a class of other systems leads to shapedradio-frequency (RF) waveforms and wavelets. Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) diversity and protection system configuration theperformance and capacity of these “hybrid” UWB and UNB systems may befurther enhanced. For such systems more efficient and simplerarchitectures and implementations are disclosed.

Specific Objectives of this invention include:

A 1^(st) objective of this invention is to disclose implementations andembodiments which shape waveforms, wavelets, symbols, RadioFrequency(RF) cycles of previously disclosed non-shaped signals by meansof optional TCS and/or LR processors and filters. Such shaping improvesthe spectral characteristics and or other performance parameters thesystem and leads to, in several cases simpler implementationarchitectures.

A 2^(nd) objective is to process and generate UNB and UWB signals whichhave Modulation Format Selectable (MFS) waveforms or wavelets and aresuitable for hybrid operation, diversity and protection systemsincluding a new generation of Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC ),Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems which are interoperablewith existing wireless systems, such as cellular GSM, GPRS, EDGE andCDMA and W-CDMA systems as well as with other conventional and broadbandwireless and telephony systems.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND OF ITS EMBODIMENTS

Detailed disclosure of several implementation architectures andembodiments of the current application is contained in this section.

FIG. 6 is an embodiment of an Ultra Narrow Band(UNB ) architecture,containing in part a processor or modulator, element 6.1. Element 6.1represents a processor and/or a modulator such as a Missing Cycle( MCY)or Phase Reversal Keying(PRK) modulator (e. g. Walker '737 modulator)which provides by connector 6.2 to the input of Time ConstrainedSignal(TCS) processing and/or shaping unit 6.3 the processed and/ormodulated signal.

One or more Data Input (Data In) and Clock Input (Clock In) signals areprovided to or from processor unit 6.1. The flow of Data Input (Data In)and Clock Input (Clock In) signals, depending on the preferredarrangement and application, could be either from the data/clock sourceunit, also designated as customer interface, not shown in FIG. 6, ortowards the customer interface unit.

Processor 6.1 processes the incoming data/clock signals and generatesone or more Modified Amplitude Wavelets (MAW), Missing Chip (MCH),Missing Cycle (MCY), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), Phase ReversalKeying (PRK) signals with optional Modulation Format Selectable (MFS)waveforms or wavelets. Prior art references including Walker's '737modulators, Ref No. [1-2 ], Feher's '777 processor, Ref No. [16], MohanRef. No. [6] and McCorkle et al Ref. No. [15] disclose exemplaryembodiments for Processor 6.1. The processor 6.1 provides output signals(waveforms, wavelets, symbols, or cycles are alternative terms hereinfor the term “signal”) on single or multiple lead(s) 6.2.

In case if element 6.1 is implemented by a Walker '737 modulator or isimplemented by one of the Feher's '777 processors then on connectionlead 6.2 there are shaped or not-shaped waveforms. Units 6.3, 6.4 and6.5 provide additional optional signal shaping and processing functions.

In the current invention the 6.1 processed prior art signals, or othersignals, are provided to additional optional signal processing elementsshown in FIG. 6. Unit 6.3 shapes the waveform generated in 6.1 andconnected on lead 6.2 to processor 6.3. Processor 6.3 is providing awaveform shaping operation in a Time Constrained Signal(TCS) waveform(or wavelet) shaping processor. The processed/shaped TCS waveform outputof processor 6.3 is connected to element 6.4 which contains a digitalprocessor and a Digital to Analog (D/A) converter. The 6.4 digitalprocessor may include serial to parallel data conversion or containdigital interface circuitry for suitable D/A interface. The output ofthe D/A is connected to a Long Response (LR) filter or processor,element 6.5. Since the prior art contains material on D/A converters andalso on TCS and LR filters/processors, e.g. Feher's '777 processor, RefNo. [16] and Feher's '055 processor Ref. No. [17], it would be redundantto describe here embodiments of TCS processors and of LRprocessors/filters.

In other words, Unit 6.3 is a waveform(or wavelet or symbol) shapingelement which provides shaped TCS signals to Unit 6.4 which contains adigital processor, or analog processor/filter and/or a Digital to AnalogConvereter (D/A). The output of Unit 6.4 is connected to Unit 6.5, whichis a Long Response(LR) filter or processor (baseband or IF or RF). Theoutput of Unit 6.5 is provided on single or multiple lead 6.6 tooptional selector(switch or splitter) 6.6 b and to element 6.7 forsubsequent modulation and/or to element 6.8 which provides signalsplitting or switching or combining. The outputs of element 6.8 areprovided to one or more output leads and to one or more antenna units6.9 and/or 6.10.

The term lead and its alternate term connection lead is interchangeablyused in this application. The terms lead and connection lead areinterpreted in a broad sense, including: the terms lead and connectionlead mean that a connection is provided or there is a connection, or thesignal is connected to a device or one or more signals are provided to atransmission medium. The term transmission medium includes the followinggeneric meanings: transmitter port, transmitter interface, amplifier,cable connection, fiber optic interface, telephone line interface andtelephone line, antenna, wire or wireless input port.

Processor 6.13 receives signals from input lead(s) 6.12 and providescontrol signals on lead(s) 6.14 to unit 6.8. The signal outputs of unit6.8 are provided for Diversity Transmission and or splitting to a mainchannel and protection channel whereby the transmitted signals arecontrolled or selected by a control signal on lead(s) 6.12 and processedby element 6.13. The control signal could be obtained from a feedbackpath from a receiver or generated in the transmitter.

Depending on the application, performance specification and hardware,software or firmware requirements all units 6.1 to 6.14 in theaforementioned description are optional. Operational systems areobtained by “mix and match” selection of some of the elements. Forexample the embodiment could be limited to connection of Elements 6.3,6.4, 6.5, 6.7 and 6.9 or other combinations or selections of connectedelements. Lead 6.6 connects the shaped and processed signal to awaveform/signal modulator. Modulator 6.7 includes one or moreconventional prior art modulators, for example FM, GMSK, GFSK, AM,DSB-AM, DSB-TC-AM DSB-SC-AM, BPSK, PPM, PAM, PWM, or Quadraturemodulator such as QAM, QPSK, QPRS, 8-PSK or other. Modulated output(s)of element 6.7 is(are) provided to a splitter and/or switch unit 6.8which provides the signal to one output, two outputs or more than twooutputs, illustrated by antennas no 6.9 and 6.10. The split or switchedmultiple outputs of element 6.8 provide Multiple inputs to antennas 6.9and 6.10. The FIG. 6 embodiment represents a Multiple Input MultipleOutput(MIMO) transmitter, a transmitter which could have between 1 and N(where N is an integer number) inputs and/or between 1 and M (where M isan integer number) outputs and instead of antennas interface units forwired systems may be used. Splitter and/or switch element 6.8 providessignal splitting or selection into one or more transmit branches,illustrated by antennas 6.9 and 6.10. Instead of multiple antennas andmultiple branches in some applications a single antenna or singleinterface transmit unit is used. Antennas 6.9 and 6.10 may be replacedwith interface connections to wired systems. Lead(s) 6.11 and 6.12 arecontrol leads provided to elements 6.7 and 6.13 respectively. Thesecontrol leads provide signals for 6.7 modulator control/selection andfor selection of 6.13 processor parameters for signal switch selectionand/or for signal splitting. The control signals may be obtained fromthe receiver—via an information line or are generated in the transmitterfor adaptive multi-mode signal selections. In FIG. 7, as well in otherfigures, the arrows illustrated with two parallel lines, indicate thatthere could be one or more than one signals in the signal path.

FIG. 7 illustrates a serial transmitter implementation of the currentinvention. Unit 7.1 contains one or more of the following elements: Acarrier wavelet (or carrier waveform or carrier cycle) generator, and/orone or more RF agile and Bit Rate Adaptive or Bit Rate Agile(BRA) (alsodesignated as tunable or selectable bit rate ) Frequency Synthesizer.The output signal or output signals of unit 7.1 are connected by lead7.2 to a switch or selector 7.3. The selected signal is (in the upperposition of selector switches 7.3 and 7.6) by-passing unit 7.5,designated as Time Constrained Signal (TCS) processor unit 7.5. In thelower position of switches 7.3 and 7.6 the signal on lead 7.2 isconnected through TCS unit 7.5 to lead 7.7 and to switch 7.8. Dependingon the position of switches 7.8, 7.11, 7.13, 7.16, 7.18, and 7.21 thesignal path is by-passing element 7.10 (long response LR filter orprocessor ), 7.15 processor, 7.19 filter if the aforementioned switchesare in the upper positions and passing through the said elements if theswitched are in the lower positions. Combinations of upper and loweroptional switch positions and optional elements are implemented by thisdiagram. Leads 7.2, 7.7, 7.12, 7.17, 7.22 continuing into 7.23, 7.26,7.28 and 7.29 provide the signals to the next step of the transmitterand/or connect the signals to the transmission system. Optional signalconditioner 7.25 and splitter or combiner or switch unit 7.27 providethe signal(s) to output lead/output interface units 7.28 and 7.29.Control signal(s) (CS) or Clock Selector Data Signals (CSDS) areprovided on leads 7.24. Leads 7.24 are connected to one or more of theaforementioned units/elements, including generators, processors,filters, switches, splitters and or combiners.

FIG. 8 is an other transmitter implementation of the current invention.The shown embodiment is for Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC), alsodesignated as Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM), with or withoutdiversity or protection switching, multiple input multiple output(MIMO)spread spectrum and non spread spectrum systems.

Lead 8.1 signal connections (leads) provide and/or receive the inputdata and/or clock signals to/from the transmit interface unit 8.2. Oneor more than one, multiple input signals are present on lead 8.1 andreceived by the subsequent units and are processed for transmission assingle signals or more than one, multiple output signals. The interfaceunit 8.2 provides signals to one or more of the following optionalunits. Processor 8.3. is processing the input data and/or clock signals.The processed signals are provided to adaptive encoder 8.4, scramblerand/or spreader 8.5, AMC modulator 8.6, filter 8.7, amplifier 8.8,selector or splitter 8.9 and depending on the position of selector orsplitter unit 8.9 to one or more transmit antennas, units 8.10 and 8.11or to an interface unit or amplifier unit 8.12 for cabled or wiredsystems transmission or infrared or other transmission. Encoder 8.4,includes channel coding devices and error control, error detectionand/or error correction devices.

Scrambler and/or spreader unit 8.5, includes optional encryptography—forsecurity devices and or spreading functions for spread spectrum systemssuch as CDMA, W-CDMA and or frequency hopped spread spectrum(FH-SS)systems or other Direct Spread-Spread Spectrum Systems(DS-SS) orCollision Sense Multiple Access(CSMA) systems.

FIG. 9 represents a receiver embodiment of the current invention; asection of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission andreception system with inputs from wireless and from other systems isshown. Receive antennas 9.1 a and 9.1 b receive the transmitted radiofrequency (RF) signals, while interface unit 9.1 c and connection lead9.1 c receive the signals from a transmitter. Unit 9.2 is a combiner orswitch selector unit which combines or selects one or more of thereceived signals. The combined or selected signals are provided tomultiplier 9.3 for down conversion to an intermediate frequency (IF), ordirect down conversion to baseband frequencies. The down-converter(multiplier 9.3) receives a signal from frequency synthesizer oroscillator unit 9.5. The frequency of the frequency synthesizer oroscillator unit 9.5 may be in synchronism—locked to a modulatedfrequency of the received signal or maybe free running (asynchronous).Unit 9.5 is a filter or signal processor; this unit could be implementedat an IF frequency or in baseband, with non-ideal delay and non-idealgroup delay characteristics or with approximately constant group delayor approximately zero group delay. The approximately zero group delay orapproximately zero delay refers to a single frequency or to a specificfrequency band and/or range of frequencies. Unit 9.6 provides additionaloptional signal filtering or processing, demodulation, synchronizationand data regeneration or data reconstruction. Unit 9.7 descrambler orde-spreader descrambles and or de-spreads the signal. Unit 9.8 is ade-encoder; it de-encodes the encoded signal. Unit 9.9 providesadditional signal processing, or signal conditioning and provides theprocessed signals to the receiving interface unit 9.10 and to one ormore signal or one or more clock leads 9.11.

FIG. 10 shows an alternate transmitter embodiment of Multimode MultipleInput Multiple Output (MMIMO) systems of the current invention. FIG. 10includes embodiment of a multimode MIMO interoperable Ultra Wideband(UWB), Ultra Narrow Band(UNB ) transmitter system with 2^(nd) generation(2G), 3^(rd) generation (3G) and 4^(th) generation (4G) cellular andother wireless and non wireless systems. This implementation showsstructures for a combination of adaptive and other selections ofmulti-mode, multi-format, multiple rate systems, operated in a singlemode or multiple-mode, or hybrid modes. While the combinations and useof the elements in FIG. 10 are new, FIG. 10 contains elements from theprior art and in particular from Schilling's U.S. Pat. No. 6, 128,330,designated, listed also as reference number[13]. In addition to theprior art referenced units, the new units include 10.1, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6and 10.7 and the combinations of these elements and interactions amongthem which enable a new generation of broadband, UWB, UNB and 2G or 3Gor even 4G systems to operate with new structures. One of the noveltiesand counter-intuitive inventions of this disclosure and benefits of thisapplication are in the hybrid adaptable-reconfigurable and “mix andmatch” blocks of FIG. 10. An example is the use of one or multiple ultranarrow band(UNB) processed and/or modulated signals in a spread spectrummode. In such a hybrid UNB and spread spectrum structure the UNBprocessor first generates an UNB signal and afterwards one or more ofthe ultra narrow band signals is spread to a much wider band spreadspectrum system in a Multimode Multiple Input Multiple Output (MMIMO)system structure. With such an architecture a higher spreading factorand higher performance is attainable than with prior art spread spectrumsystems. Some of the other original discoveries and inventions of thisdisclosure are in the fact that the combinations of the structures shownin FIG. 10 process and generate spread spectrum, e.g. CDMA signals from2G systems such as GSM or other TDMA modulated signals and spread theGSM or TDMA signals in one or more spreaders in an optional MMIMOstructure. The disclosed multi-mode operation leads to seamlessconnectivity among different systems, among systems operated atdifferent bit rates, having different modulation formats and differentcoding rules. On leads 10.1 and 10.2 the single or multiple signals andclocks are provided to or from the data and clock processor, Unit 10.3.Unit 10.4 contains a broadband and/or an UWB processor; unit 10.5 an UNBprocessor; Unit 10.6 a 2G, 3G or 4G processor. The 2G processor containsa GSM processor generator and or GSM/GPRS combined with EDGE and/orother processors. The processor designated as 3G contains part of aUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System ( UMTS) processor. Unit 10.7 aselects or combines the signals and provides them to one or moreoptional Forward Error Correction Coder (FEC) or other error controlcoding or error detection encoder(s), Unit 10.8. The signal selection orsignal combination of unit 10.7 a is directed/controlled by one or morecontrol signals provided on leads 10.7 b. The said control signals areprogrammed, user selected or operator selected signals, or obtained fromthe corresponding receivers. The encoded signal is connected tointerleaver 10.9 and a pre-amble generator or pre-amble processor. Unit10.10 provides additional data. The optional de-multiplexer, Unit 10.11provides de-multiplexed signals to spreaders 10.12, 10.13, 10.14 and10.15. A chip sequence generator provides one or more chip sequences tothe aforementioned spreaders. The spread signals are provided toantennas 10.17, 10.18, 10.19 and 10.20. One or more of the spreadsignals are selected for transmission.

The embodiments and structures of FIG. 10 provide a large combination ofhybrid “mix and match” of multiple mode interoperable systems includinginteroperable broadband, spread spectrum or non-spread spectrum systems,UMTS, UWB, UNB and of other communications, telemetry, broadcasting,broadband wireless, location finder and Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) systems.

FIG. 11 is an embodiment of a parallel hybrid “mix and match”transmitter architecture for Multimode Multiple Input Multiple Output(MMIMO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems of the currentinvention. On leads 11.1 and 11.2 one or multiple data and/or clocksignals are provided to or from Data/Clock Interface unit 11.3. TheData/Clock Interface unit 11.3 processes the data and or clock signals.Clock processing includes processing of the clock rate of the datasignal to generate clock rates which are the same and or are differentthen the clock rate of the input data. The clock rate of the input datais designated as the Clock rate or Clock of the data “CLD” signal.Within unit 11.3 clock rates which are integer multiples, sub-integermultiples or fractions of the data rate are generated. These selectablebit rates are designated as Clock Rates or Clock of the Control Data“CLC” signals. The CLC rates are in some embodiments integer multiples,sub-integer multiples or fractions of the data rate clock CLD, while inother embodiments the CLC rates are “not related” to the CLD rate; herethe term “not related” to refers to a CLC rate which is not derived fromthe CLD signal, that is, it is in a free running operation and orasynchronous with the CLD rate. In some exemplary embodiments the CLDrate equals the CLC rate, while in other embodiments the CLC rate isfour(4) times, or eight(8) times or, one thousand (1000) times, or sevenand one third (7 and ⅓) times higher than the CLD rate or it is afraction of the CLD rate. The CLC and CLD signals are provided throughUnit 11.4 the Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) unit, as processedcontrol signals to control the operation and signal selection of units11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9 and 11.10. Unit 11.4 is an AdaptiveModulation and Coding (AMC) unit; this unit is also designated asAdaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) unit. Unit 11.4 processes receivedsignals from Unit 11.3 and provides them to the Adaptive RF frequencyand wave generation unit 11.5 and to processor unit 11.7. The outputs ofthe AMC contain data signals, control signals, clock signals and othersignals (e.g. overhead signals/bits, pre-amble signals, known also aspreamble bits or preamble words, signal quality monitor signals bits orchips). Adaptive RF frequency and wave generation unit 11.5 provides RFfrequency agile or flexible RF waveforms to leads 11.6. One or multipleleads 11.6 are connected to processor unit 11.7. Within unit 11.7 underthe control of the AMC, unit 11.4 processed and/or generated signalsand/or under the control of the CLD rate or CLC rate clocks, one or morethan one (one or multiple) signals are connected and/or processed andconnected to leads 11.8. Selection or combinations of Leads 11.6 and11.8 are controlled by the output signal or output signals of unit 11.4the AMC processor. Element 11.7.1 represents a connection between theinput and output of processor 11.7. Element 11.7.2 is a digital and oranalog signal processor or filter or a hybrid processor and filter whichprovides signal processing, shaping or filtering functions. Element11.7.3 is an attenuator or amplifier, or unit gain connector whichchanges (modifies) the amplitude of the incoming signal and provides anamplitude modified output. Element 11.7.4 is a signal inverter; Element11.7.5 is a signal inverter and amplitude modification device; Element11.7.6 is a signal conditioner and or filter. This signal conditionerand/or filter element includes optional phase shifters, time delays andor switch components. The switch component of element 11.7.6 connects ordisconnects(disables) the signal path between the input and output portsof element 11.7.6. If in a particular time (e.g. during a specific bitduration or a fraction or multiple bit durations) the said switchcomponent is in one of its positions designated as ON, then the signalis forwarded to the output port, while for the other position of theswitch designated as OF, the signal between input and output of element11.7.6 is not connected. The AMC, Unit 11.4 provided control signalsselect or combine one or more of the unit 11.7 processed signals,processed by one or more of the aforementioned elements of unit 11.7,and provides these processed signals, through the selected leads 11.8for subsequent amplification in unit 11.9 antenna selection or splittingcombining in selector or splitter unit 11.10. One or multiple antennas,illustrated by units 11.11 and 11.12 are used for signal transmission.In an illustrative embodiment of FIG. 11 the RF frequency generator,unit 11.5 provides an un-modulated carrier wave (CW) signal to processorunit 11.7. One or more control signals, generated in the AMC unit 11.4select for one multiple RF cycles attenuator element 11.7.3, while forother RF cycles a unit 11.7.2 processed RF cycle is selected. In another illustrative embodiment of this invention, for each data signal(data bit or data symbol) representing a one (1) state four (4) RFcycles are provided through element 11.7.1 and a selected lead 11.8 tothe transmit amplifier 11.9, while for each data signal representing azero (0) state four(4) attenuated waveforms, also designated aswavelets, or in this case RF cycles are provided through element 11.7.3and a selected lead 11.8 to the transmit amplifier 11.9. An illustrationof the resultant 4 cycles per bit waveforms with modified amplitude zerostate signal is shown in FIG. 18 and in particular in FIG. 18 a ; wedesignate such signals as Modified Amplitude Wavelets (MAW) and theprocess as Modified Amplitude Wavelet Modulation (MAWM). In an otherembodiment of this invention, for each data signal (data bit or datasymbol) representing a one (1) state one(1) RF cycle is provided throughelement 11.7.1 to the transmit amplifier 11.9, while for each datasignal representing a zero (0) state one (1) RF cycle is disconnected,that is in element 11.7.6 it is not connected to transmit amplifier11.9. This case is referred to as Missing Cycle Modulation (MCM); theMCM has Missing Cycles(MCY) and or Missing Chips (MCH), i.e. nottransmitted cycles (disconnected cycles or disconnected fractions ofcycles) in the transmitted signals. In FIG. 16 and in particular in FIG.16 c a Missing Cycle Modulated (MCM) signal pattern for a sample datapattern of 1001 bits is shown, with 1 missing cycle from 8 cycles forzero state signals and no missing cycles for 1 state signals. Thismodulation format is designated as missing cycle 1:8 modulation or MCY1:8.

In an other embodiment of this invention, for each data signal (data bitor data symbol) representing a one (1) state eight (8) RF cycles areprovided through element 11.7.1 to the transmit amplifier 11.9, whilefor each data signal representing a zero (0) state one out of eight RFcycles has its output phase inverted (relative to the input phase), orhas its phase modified (relative to the input phase); these phaseinversion or phase reversal and phase modification processes areimplemented in element 11.7.5. These cases are designated as PhaseReversal Keying(PRK) and Phase Modification Keying(PMK) respectively.Illustrative examples of Phase Reversal Keying(PRK) modulated signalsare shown in FIG. 16 d for a PRK modulated output signal a 1001 inputdata pattern with 1 out of 8 cycles having reversed phase for statezero(0) inputs, while for state one(1) inputs there are no phasereversals. The signal shown in FIG. 16 d is designated as a PhaseReversal Keying(PRK) signal with 1:8 reversals, or PRK 1:8.

One of the structures of this invention generates for one state datadifferent waveforms than for zero state data, such as illustrated inFIG. 18 c. The illustrated waveform for a one state information bit (orone state chip in case of spread spectrum signals) generates one singlecycle of a carrier waveform while for a zero state information bit (orzero state chip in case of spread spectrum signals) generates one singlecycle of a carrier waveform which has a different waveform shape thanthat for the one state. For example a one state bit could correspond toa single RF cycle having a sinusoidal shape while the zero state bitcorresponds to a single RF cycle which corresponds to a reducedamplitude non sinusoidal shape (e.g. periodic square wave signal or aperiodic multilevel signal such as generated by a D/A converter).Signals, such as illustrated in FIG. 18 c are generated by alternativeselection for one and zero states, in Unit 11.7, elements 11.7.2 and11.7.6 or other combinations of elements.

FIG. 12, FIG. 14, and FIG. 15, show receiver embodiments with andwithout crystal filters for reception and/or demodulation of a largeclass of signals, including reception and demodulation of the transmitsignals disclosed in this application. In FIG. 12 the signal is receivedon lead 12.1 and connected to the receiver interface Unit 12.2. Receiveinterface Unit 12.2 contains splitters, amplifiers and filters andoptional RF down-converters. The output signal of unit 12.2 is connectedto one or multiple signal selection switch or signal splitter units12.3. The selected or split signal(s) is/are provided by connection 12.5and or processor and/or carrier recovery to switch or combiner elements12.4. Switch or splitter and/or combiner control unit 12.10, receivescontrol signals on lead 12.9 and determines the operation, regardingsignal splitting, selection(switching) and combining, of units 12.3 and12.5 The output of 12.4 is connected to one or multiple filters orprocessors, unit 12.6. Unit 12.6 contains a combination ofBand-Pass-Filters(BPF), with or without Crystal Filters and or otherfilters such as Low-Pass-Filters(LPF) or High Pass Filters (HPF) andprocessors, or any combination or iteration of some or all of theaforementioned components. The 12.6 unit processed signals are connectedto one or multiple demodulators, contained in Unit 12.7. The single ormultiple demodulated data signals and clock signals are provided onoutput lead(s) 12.8.

FIG. 13 shows a reconfigurable and interoperable transmitterarchitecture for hybrid, Adaptive Modulation and Coding systems forwireless systems, for wired systems, for broadband wireless and/or UNBand UWB systems. On lead 13.1 data and clock signals are transferred toor from interface unit 13.2. Unit 13.2 processes the data/clock signalsand provides a modified and/or new set of data and/or clock signals tothe optional second interface unit 13.5 for further processing. Underthe control of Unit 13.9, processor unit 13.6, generator 13.7 and dataunit 13.8 connect their respective outputs to the 3^(rd) optionalinterface unit. The signals at the outputs of units 13.6, 13.7 and 13.8are processed or conditioned shaped signals, such as Modified AmplitudeWavelets(MAW) signals, Missing Cycle Modulation (MCM); Missing Chips(MCH) modulated signals or Phase Reversal Keying(PRK) and PhaseModification Keying(PMK) signals, or other narrowband orUltra-narrowband(UNB) signals. Embodiment of FIG. 13 implements multiplecombinations and hybrid implementations of hybrid ultra wideband (UWB)and ultra narrow band (UNB) signals, designated as Ultra wideband andultra narrowband (UWN) systems or hybrid UWN systems. The output signalsof unit 13.10 are converted into Ultra Wideband(UWB) modulated signalsby an UWB converter containing logic device 13.13, delay element 13.14,multipliers 13.15 and 13.18 and further processed by one or multipleamplifiers 13.19, and provided by connection 13.20 to transmit antenna13.21. Transmit antenna 13.21 comprises one or multiple antennas.Multipliers 13.15 and 13.18 are connected to one or more of the shortduration pulses illustrated by 13.16 and 13.17. These short durationpulses are generated in the control unit 13.9 or are obtained from otherparts of the system.

FIG. 14 represents an alternative receiver architecture and embodimentfor reception and/or demodulation of a large class of signals, includingreception and demodulation of the transmit signals disclosed in thisapplication. In FIG. 14 the signal is received by one or multipleantennas, shown as unit 14.1 and connected to one or more receiveramplifiers, designated as a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Unit 14.2. Receiveamplifier provides the amplified signal to Band Pass Filter (BPF1), Unit14.3. The subsequent multiplier (also known as mixer), unit 14.4,receives on one of its input ports the filtered signal and on its secondinput port it receives a signal from oscillator (OSC) or frequencysynthesizer (FS) unit 14.6. Signal lead 14.5 may provide one or multiplecontrol signals to unit 14.6. The multiplier output signal is filteredby a BPF or other type of filter of unit 14.7. The filtered signal isprovided to an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) unit 14.8, which could havea control signal input on lead 14.9. The AGC output is provided to anonlinear device or hard limiter, shown as unit 14.10 and to a splitter14.11. In the upper branch of the split signal there is an amplifier14.12 and a delay element 14.13, while in the lower branch there is aCarrier Recovery (CR) or other discrete signal recovery circuit, shownas unit 14.14 and an optional delay element 14.15. Subsequent mixer14.16 receives the upper branch and lower branch processed signals andprovides a mixed (down-converted) signal to unit 14.8, which has LPF orBPF or other signal processing elements. The single or multiple outputsare provided on lead 14.19. In an alternative embodiment of FIG. 14splitter element 14.11 and 14.14 carrier recovery and delay 14.15 arenot required. Instead of these components oscillator or frequencysynthesizer 14.17 provides inputs to the second port of multiplier(mixer) 14.16.

FIG. 15 is an embodiment of band-pass filters(BPF) with crystal filtersand/or optional switched crystal filters. Receiver and/or demodulatorsinclude in several embodiments BPF implementations. Part or all of bandpass filtering (BPF) can be achieved by crystal filters. In some casesthe crystal filters are between the signal path and ground while inothers they are in a serial mode, that is in series with the signalpath. On input lead 15.1 to the crystal filter the signal is connectedto a crystal filter 15.2 and to a high impedance device such as a FETamplifier, unit 15.4. The crystal contains an inductor “L” element,shown as element 15.3. In an alternate embodiment of the BPF the signalis received on lead 15.5 and connected to switch elements 15.6, 15.7,crystal 15.8 and high input impedance circuit 15.10. Block arrow 15.9represents the control signals which turn on and off switch components15.6 and 15.7. The control signals are obtained from the data source andthe data pattern.

FIG. 16 illustrates sample waveforms of illustrative data patterns ofNRZ baseband signals for a 1001 bit pattern. Both unbalanced NRZpatterns and NRZ patterns are shown. In the unbalanced case of theunbalanced NRZ patterns, FIG. 16 a, the signal has +2 A amplitude for aone state and a zero(0) amplitude for a zero state. In the balanced caseFIG. 16 b the signal has a normalized +1 value for a one state and anormalized −1 value for a zero state. In FIG. 16 c a Missing CycleModulated (MCM) signal pattern for a sample data pattern of 1001 bits isshown, with 1 missing cycle from 8 cycles for zero state signals and nomissing cycles for 1 state signals. This signal is also designated as anMCY 1:8 signal. This modulation format is designated as missing cyclemodulation (MCM) with 1:8 ratio. FIG. 16 d shows a Phase Reversal Keying(PRK) modulated signal with a ratio of 1:8. The signal shown in FIG. 16d is designated as a Phase Reversal Keying(PRK) signal with 1:8reversals, or ratio. It is also designated as of 1:8 reversals or PRK1:8.

FIG. 17 represents a 2^(nd) set of generated sample waveforms. In FIG.17 a missing cycle modulated waveform with a 1:4 ratio is shown, whilein FIG. 17 b a carrier phase reversal keying (PRK) modulated signal witha 1:4 phase reversal to non reversal ratio for zero state signals isshown; in these cases 4 cycles per bit, or alternatively for spreadspectrum systems, 4 cycles per chip are illustrated.

FIG. 18 shows modulated signal/carrier waveforms for: (a) 4 cycles perbit with reduced amplitudes for zero states; (b) single cycle per bitwith zero transmit state for zero state (zero logic state) signals; (c)Single cycle per bit with one waveform transmission for 0 state signalsand an other waveform for one state signals.

FIG. 19 is an alternative “hybrid” embodiment of an ultra narrowband(UNB) processor and/or modulator connected to a broadband and/or anultra wideband (UWB) system and/or to a spread spectrumprocessor/transmitter. Combinations, variations and/or connections ofUNB and of UWB systems lead to hybrid ultra wideband and ultranarrowband (UWN) systems. Combinations of UNB of UWB and of spreadspectrum systems are also designated as “hybrid” systems. Data inputlead 19.1 provides binary data bits or other digital information toultra narrowband (UNB) processor 19.3. Clock information into (In) theUNB processor and out of the UNB processor is provided on leads 19.2.The UNB processor provides UNB processed and/or UNB modulated signals tolead 19.4 for connection to splitter or switch element 19.5. The outputsof 19.5 are provided for further processing to the ultra wideband (UWB)unit 19.6 and/or to the spread spectrum unit 19.7, or to only one ofthese units. The UWB and spread spectrum signals are provided on leads19.8 and 19.9 to the transmission medium. The signal flow—connectionsequence between elements of FIG. 19 is interchanged in some of thealternative embodiments. For example the data and clock leads areprovided to/and from the ultra wideband unit 19.6 and/or spread spectrumunit 19.7 and in such case the ultra wideband signal is provided to theultra narrowband processor 19.3 and/or the output of the spread spectrumunit 19.7 is provided to the input of the ultra narrowband unit 19.3.Variations and combinations of spread spectrum processors with ultrawideband or broadband processors and ultra narrowband processors lead toa new set of hybrid systems. Such hybrid systems are contrary toconventional communication systems and prior art technologies. Whileprior art systems disclose certain elements of this new set of hybridsystems, such as the embodiments of ultra narrowband systems,embodiments of ultra wideband systems and embodiments of spread spectrumsystems, the prior art does not teach and it does not anticipate the useof these systems in a hybrid or combined mode as described in thecurrent disclosure.

Unit 19.7 contains one or multiple prior art spread spectrum processorsand/or one or more prior art spread spectrum modulators. Prior artspread spectrum processors and modulators include Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum(DSSS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency HoppedSpread Spectrum(FHSS) and combinations, variations of other spreadspectrum systems.

FIG. 20 shows embodiment of cascaded (in-series) hybrid systems,including a cascaded GSM or EDGE or other systems signal, generated orprocessed in unit 20.1, connected to one or multiple spread spectrumsystems, unit 20.2, and a cascaded Infrared(IR) or GSM or CDMA or TDMAsystem, unit 20.3 cascaded (connected in series) with UMTS components orwith other spread spectrum or other wired or wireless systemscomponents.

FIG. 21 shows a cascade of multiple transmitters connected to one ormore receivers. Unit 21.1, transmitter 1 is connected in baseband or Ifor RF to Unit 21.2 transmitter 2. Either unit 21.1 or 21.2 contain oneor a plurality of transmitters. Unit 21.3 contains one or morereceivers. Single or plurality of baseband or IF or RF Signals,including GSM, EDGE, TDMA, spread spectrum CSMA, CDMA signals generatedor processed in transmitter 1, unit 21.2, are connected for furtherprocessing in transmitter 2, unit 21.2. The cascaded processed signalsare received by one or more receivers contained in unit 21.3. Thesereceivers are in some embodiments parallel multiple path receivers, i.e.multiple receiver implementations) while in other embodiments arereconfigurable single path receivers. Unit 21.4 generates aninfrared(IR) signal. Unit 21.5 is a signal processor and/or generatorfor Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) systems. Unit 21.6 is a GPStransmitter or receiver or entire GPS transceiver. Unit 21.7 is a sensorand processor device. One or more of the output signals of Units 21.4,21.5, 21.6 and/or 21.7 are provided to processor Unit 21.8 for signalprocessing and or modulation. The Unit 21.8 processed signals areprovided to Unit 21.9 for cellular or other land mobile or satellitesystem operation. The connection between the aforementioned optionalblocks are at baseband or IF or RF.

FIG. 22 shows a “hybrid” wired system interconnected with a wirelesssystem. Unit 22.1 contains a wired network unit, which includes one ormore of telephone interface, fiber optic communication(FOC) interface orother wired interface units. The outputs or inputs of unit 22.1 provideor receive signals to or from wireless system 22.2. Wireless unit 22.2contains one or more interface units or components of a wirelessinfrastructure or handset unit, such as a cellular base station,wireless base station, wireless terminal or handheld or other portablecellular or other wireless unit.

Having now described numerous embodiments of the inventive structure andmethod in connection with particular figures or groups of figures, andhaving set forth some of the advantages provided by the inventivestructure and method, it should be noted that the embodiments describedheretofore, as well as those highlighted below include optional elementsor features that are not essential to the operation of the invention.The invention further provides methods and procedures performed by thestructures, devices, apparatus, and systems described herein before, aswell as other embodiments incorporating combinations and subcombinations of the structures highlighted above and described herein.The invention now being fully described, it will be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can bemade thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appendedclaims.

1. A system comprising: a first waveform processor, modulator andtransmitter for waveform processing, modulating and transmitting a firstinput signal to a cellular system; a second waveform processor,modulator and transmitter for waveform processing, modulating andtransmitting of a second input signal to a wireless network, whereinsaid first and second input signals are distinct signals and saidcellular system and said wireless network are distinct system andnetwork; a first demodulator for demodulating a first radio frequency(RF) signal provided by a cellular or a satellite system; a seconddemodulator for demodulating a second RF signal provided by a wirelessnetwork, wherein said wireless network is distinct from said cellularand said satellite system; and a control unit for control and selectionof the first or second input modulated transmitted signal and the firstor second demodulated signal.
 2. A method for processing modulating,providing and demodulating signals, comprising steps of: waveformprocessing, modulating and providing of a processed first waveform to acellular system; waveform processing, modulating and providing of aprocessed second waveform to a wireless network, wherein said first andsecond waveforms are different waveforms and said cellular system andsaid wireless network are distinct system and network; demodulating afirst radio frequency (RF) modulated signal provided by a cellularsystem and a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal provided by a GPSsatellite system; demodulating a second RF modulated signal provided bya wireless network wherein said wireless network is distinct from saidcellular and satellite system; and a control unit for selection of oneor more of the demodulated signals.
 3. A system comprising: a waveformprocessor, modulator and transmitter for waveform processing, modulatingand transmitting a first input signal to a cellular system; a waveformprocessor, modulator and transmitter for waveform processing, modulatingand transmitting of a second input signal to a wireless network, whereinsaid first and second input signals are distinct signals and saidcellular system and said wireless network are distinct system andnetwork; a demodulator for demodulating a Radio Frequency (RF) modulatedsignal provided by a cellular system and a Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) signal; a demodulator for demodulating a RFmodulated signal provided by a wireless network, wherein said wirelessnetwork is distinct from said cellular-system; and a control unit forcontrol and selection of the first or second input modulated transmittedsignal and the first or second demodulated signal.
 4. The system ofclaim 1, wherein said first demodulator for demodulating a first radiofrequency (RF) signal demodulates a multimode modulated signal.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein said modulator and transmitter for waveformprocessing, modulating and transmitting of a second input signal to awireless network comprises a transmitter to a wired system.
 6. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein said first or second demodulator comprises ahybrid interconnected wireless and wired system.
 7. The system of claim1, wherein said first or second demodulator demodulates a signalgenerated by a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein said second waveform processor comprises anUltra Narrow Band (UNB) processor for generation of an UNB signal. 9.The system of claim 1, wherein said first waveform processor, modulatorand transmitter for waveform processing, modulating and transmitting afirst input signal comprises a Time Constrained Processor (TCS) cascadedwith a Long Response (LR) filter.
 10. The system of claim 1, whereinsaid first waveform processor, modulator and transmitter comprises aAdaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) processor for generation of multimode modulated transmittedsignals.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein said first demodulator fordemodulating a first radio frequency (RF) signal provided by a cellularor a satellite system demodulates a signal received from a satelliteGlobal Positioning System (GPS).
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein saidtransmitter and demodulator comprises a multiple input multiple output.(MIMO) antenna system.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein said firstwaveform processor comprises a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) processor used in a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS) system and said first demodulator demodulates a signal receivedfrom a satellite Global Positioning System (GPS).
 14. The system ofclaim 1, wherein said first or second waveform processor comprises aultra wideband and a ultra narrowband processor.
 15. The method of claim2, wherein said demodulating a first radio frequency (RF) modulatedsignal provided by a cellular system demodulates a multimode modulatedsignal.
 16. The method of claim 2, wherein said demodulating a firstradio frequency (RF) modulated signal provided by a cellular system orsaid demodulating a second RF modulated signal provided by a wirelessnetwork comprises a step to provide signals to a hybrid interconnectedwireless and wired system.
 17. The method of claim 2, wherein saiddemodulating a first or second radio frequency (RF) modulated signalincludes demodulating a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signal.18. The method of claim 2, wherein said waveform processing comprisesprocessing of a signal into a Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) processed signalfor generation of an UNB signal.
 19. The method of claim 2, wherein saidwaveform processing, modulating comprises processing of a signal intoAdaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) processed signal used in multimode modulated transmitted signals.20. The method of claim 2, wherein said waveform processing comprisesprocessing a signal into Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)processed signal.
 21. The method of claim 2, wherein said waveformprocessing, modulating and demodulating comprises the step oftransmitting and receiving, by a multiple input multiple output (MIMO)antenna system.
 22. The method of claim 2, wherein said waveformprocessing comprises the steps of ultra wideband and of ultra narrowbandprocessing of signals for Generation of ultra wideband and of ultranarrowband processed signals.
 23. The system of claim 3, wherein saiddemodulator for demodulating demodulates a multimode modulated signal.24. The system of claim 3, wherein said transmitter comprises atransmitter to a wired system.
 25. The system of claim 3, wherein saiddemodulator comprises a hybrid wireless and wired system.
 26. The systemof claim 3, wherein said demodulator demodulates a signal generated by aRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) device.
 27. The system of claim 3,wherein said waveform processor comprises an Ultra Narrow Band (UNB)processor for generation of an UNB signal.
 28. The system of claim 3,wherein said waveform processor comprises a Time Constrained Processor(TCS) cascaded with a filter.
 29. The system of claim 3, wherein saidwaveform processor, modulator and transmitter comprises a AdaptiveModulation and Coding (AMC) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)processor for generation of multimode modulated transmitted signals. 30.The system of claim 3, wherein said demodulator for demodulatingcomprises demodulation of a signal received from a satellite GlobalPositioning System (GPS).
 31. The system of claim 3, wherein saidtransmitter and demodulator comprises a multiple input multiple output(MIMO) antenna system.
 32. The system of claim 3, wherein said waveformprocessor comprises a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)processor used in a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)system and said demodulator demodulates a signal received from asatellite Global Positioning System (GPS).
 33. The system of claim 3,wherein said a waveform processor comprises a ultra wideband and a ultranarrowband processor.